This month
in history

Bermuda athletes make splash at London Games
August 1948

Manager Chummy Hayward and Olympians Phyllis Lightbourn, Phyllis Edness, Robert Cook and Walter Bardgett
Photo: Courtesy Bermuda Olympic Association

Bermuda made a splash in London at the 1948 Olympics, the first to be held since 1936, and the ensuing outbreak of the Second War War.

It was second time Bermuda had competed at the Games and unlike in 1936, the contingent was integrated.

There were 12 athletes in all: Phyllis Edness, Phyllis Lightbourn, Hazzard Dill, Perry Johnson, Stanley Lines and Frances Mahoney competed in track and field; swimmers Walter Bardgett, Robert Cook, Philip Tribley, Derek Oatway and Donald Shanks, and diver Francis “Goose” Gosling, who turned in the best performance of all. 

Bermuda was one of 61 countries represented and its team was the seventh to enter Wembley Stadium for the opening ceremonies on July 29. Dressed in white doeskins and wearing white helmets, they were led by manager W.F. “Chummy” Hayward, carrying the flag.

Of the track and field athletes, Phyllis Lightbourn had the best showing. She reached the semi-finals of the 100 and 200 metres and narrowly missed getting into the long jump final. Phyllis Edness was in line to win her100 metre heat, but stomach cramps robbed her of that achievement.

The relay team of Dill, Johnson, Lines and Mahoney finished last in the second heat, Dill’s third-place finish in the 400 metres heat was not enough to earn him a place in the second round and the swimmers were eliminated as well.

Diver Gosling had an impressive 10th place finish. It’s believed he would have placed as high as sixth had he not been distracted by a photographer’s click which caused him to lose ten points. He didn’t lodge a protest, but the next contestant did, refusing to dive until photographers were removed from the gallery.

The Bermuda athletes enjoyed their share of celebrity during their weeks in London. They were sought out for autographs, Lighbourn was a crowd favourite and Gosling’s result put him in the spotlight.

But the Bermudians were disappointed by their showing—only Lightbourn, Edness and Gosling came close to matching their previous times. Lighbourn collapsed at the finish line of the 200 metres race and had to be carried off the field.

Bernard Brown, The Royal Gazette’s man on the scene, wrote: “They have not said so in so many words but their manner indicates to me that they feel they have let the colony down. Personally I do not think so. The people of Bermuda did not expect them to win medals but did expect them to do their best. I think they exceeded expectations.”

Sources: The Royal Gazette, July 14, August 2 and 9.

Born this month

Louis Mowbray

August 19, 1877-June 5, 1952
Naturalist, founding curator of the Bermuda Aquarium


Louis Mowbray pictured holding an Allison tuna, which he named.

Louis Leon Arthur Mowbray won international renown designing and running aquariums in the United States, before returning home to build the aquarium in Flatts.

He was the first curator of the Bermuda Aquarium, and ran it for nearly 20 years, turning it into a world-class institution, before poor health forced him to retire in 1944. An authority on tropical salt-water fish, he gave the yellow-fin tuna its original name, Allison tuna.

Mowbray was the only child of the former Mary Ann Brown of St. George’s and William Mowbray, a schoolteacher who had emigrated to Bermuda from Louisiana in 1870.

He was a sickly child, whose health improved after his parents received medical advice about the benefits of being outdoors. He grew up with a passion for the sea and a fascination for fish and birds, whose specimens he avidly collected.

Adventurous and naturally curious, he shot birds with his own gun as a child, and was a helmsman on a pilot gig as a teenager. In that highly competitive venture, pilot gigs raced out to sea, often as far as 15 miles. To the winning boat went the prize of guiding ships entering Bermuda waters to port.

Largely self-taught, Mowbray was tutored by his parents during his early childhood. He received his only formal education at St. George’s Grammar School.

His first jobs were for shipping firms in St. George’s. In 1895, attracted by advances in photography, he became a photographer’s apprentice in New York. On returning home, he set up his own photography studio, where he set aside a room to exhibit his extensive collection of fish and bird specimens.

Tourists were enthralled, and a group of visiting scientists were so taken with his collection, they sent him a four-volume book about fishes, which became his bible.

He impressed other visiting scientists as well and they invited him to join the staff of the Bermuda Biological Station, which was established in 1903 at the Frascati Hotel in Flatts.

In 1905, his adventurous side got the better of him and he travelled to Russia as crew on the Gregory, the first motor boat to cross the Atlantic. Mowbray was abroad for seven months. and visited aquariums in Russia and Europe, as well as the New York Aquarium on the return trip home.

In 1906, he discovered a live cahow at Castle Island, along with several others in the ensuing years. It was his son, Louis, along with David Wingate and Robert Cushman, who would make international headlines 45 years later, with the official rediscovery of the bird that was long thought to have been extinct.

Mowbray married Hilda Higinbotham in 1907 and within months of their marriage, they moved to Agar’s Island, after he was hired by the Bermuda Natural History Society to convert the gunpowder magazines into Bermuda’s first aquarium and a marine research centre.

He ran the aquarium until 1911, sending several shipments of fish to the New York and Detroit aquariums. The Natural History Society attributed the success of the aquarium to Mowbray’s “intelligent work”.

Mowbray’s close association with U.S. scientists, who were based at Agar’s Island, led to opportunities overseas. In 1911, he moved to Boston to build its new aquarium and ran it for three years.

In 1914, he was appointed superintendent of the New York Aquarium.

In 1919, he moved south to design and build a new aquarium in Miami, but rejoined the staff of the New York Aquarium in 1923. In 1926, he returned to Bermuda.

The Bermuda Aquarium took two years to build and became an instant hit after it was formally opened on February 1, 1928.

During his years at the Aquarium, he made countless trips overseas to select fish to exhibit. Several trips were organized by his old friend Dr. Charles Townsend of the New York Zoological Society and sponsored by Vincent Astor, the American philanthropist who lived at Ferry Reach, St George’s.

In 1933, he sailed to the Galapagos Islands with Astor to bring back tortoises and penguins, thereby laying the groundwork for its expansion into a zoo. Mowbray successfully bred the first Galapagos tortoises and penguins in captivity.

Under his leadership the Aquarium gained recognition as a world-class facility, but the Second World War brought a change in fortunes, because of the slowdown in tourism.

In 1943, he suffered a stroke, which left him partially paralysed. He stepped down as curator the following year and was replaced by his son Louis. He died nine years later, leaving a legacy that is very much in evidence at the Aquarium today.

Sources: Bermuda: Five Centuries by Rosemary Jones; Louis Mowbray obit, The Royal Gazette, June 6, 1952; Louis L Mowbray file, Bermuda Aquarium Museum and Zoo


Previous Bermuda Biographies home pages by month:

Olympic stamp of approval

The Bermuda Post Office has released a new set of stamps commemorating this month’s Olympics in Beijing. The four stamps feature the natural elements of earth, air, fire and water, which is the theme of the Beijing Games, with each one representing one of four sports—track, swimming, horse riding and sailing.
Meanwhile, with the Olympics getting under way on the eighth day of the eight month, in the year 2008, the Bermuda Sun has got into the swing of things by listing their picks for Bermuda’s eight best Olympians. They are Clarence Hill [above], the Island’s only Olympic medallist, who won a bronze in 1976; triple jumper Brian Wellman; sailors Peter Bromby, Kirk Cooper and Alan Burland; high jumper Clarance “Nicky” Saunders, sprinter Troy Douglas, and diver Francis “Goose” Gosling.

Bare bones of history

Archaeologists have found two skeletons beneath the floorboards of St. Peter’s Church in St. George’s, The Royal Gazette reported. They believe one of the skeletons is of Sir Jacob Wheate, a British navy captain and commander of the HMS Cerberus, which sank in 1783 and is now a dive site. It’s believed Wheate died of yellow fever, which would indicate why he would have been hurriedly buried beneath the church’s floorboards and not given a funeral that was more in keeping with his standing in society. Further investigation is needed to determine the identity of the second skeleton.

Archaeologist Brent Fortenberry said his team had been invited by St. Peter’s rector Rev. David Raths to carry out excavations beneath the church because St. Peter’s is approaching its 400th anniversary and he wanted us to find new stories about the church through archaeology. St. Peter’s Church, which was built of cedar in 1612 and rebuilt from stone in 1713, is said to be the oldest Anglican Church in the New World.  Fortenberry and his team have been excavating sites in St. George’s this summer for the Bermuda National Trust.

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New calls for three-day Cup Match

Yet another Cup Match draw has once again led to calls for the game to be played over three days. Thousands poured into Somerset Cricket Club over the two days of the annual Classic to see Somerset battle St. George’s in a rain-delayed match that ended with St. George’s retaining the cup. 

Newspaper opinion pages and talk shows have been dominated by discussions over who was responsible for the draw along with calls for a three-day Cup Match.

Club presidents, Richard Scott of Somerset and Neil Paynter of St. George’s, were lukewarm to the idea. St. George’s caption Lionel Cann said a three-day match would produce a result—with more boring stretches. 

Cann told the Mid-Ocean News: “If people want three days, give it to them but please accept you are going to have a lot of more boring times in cricket. You can either have a lot more excitement and maybe ending up in a draw or boring cricket with a result.”  See our August 2007 home page to learn about the origins of Cup Match.

Remembering emancipation

Government’s Department of Culture had captive audiences for a series of events held in July and August to commemorate the emancipation of slaves in Bermuda (and throughout the rest of the British Empire) on August 1, 1834.

It kicked off with a dance work ‘A Woman Named Prince’ choreographed by Conchita Ming that was performed at the Rubber Tree in Warwick and included a march celebrating black lodges that wound its way through the streets of Hamilton, stopping at historic sites along the route.

The final event, which took place on August 7 at Liberty Theatre, featured a video documentary Scattered Africa: Faces and Voices of the African Diaspora as the offering for the Third Annual Dr. Kenneth Robinson/Cyril Packwood Memorial Lecture. 

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